Climate
Tropical all year round, and both extremely hot and dry > 40 degrees Celsius during August and September.
Understand
Komodo National Park lies in the Wallacea Region of Indonesia, identified by WWF and Conservation International as a global conservation priority area, and is located in the center of the Indonesian archipelago, between the islands of Sumbawa and Flores.
Komodo National Park includes three major islands: Komodo, Rinca and Padar, as well as numerous smaller islands creating a total surface area marine and land of more than 1,800 km2. As well as being home to the Komodo Dragon, also known as the Komodo Monitor, or Ora to Indonesians, the park provides refuge for many other notable terrestrial species. Moreover, the Park includes one of the richest marine environments.
Flora and fauna
The number of terrestrial animal species found in the Park is not high, but the area is important from a conservation perspective as some species are endemic. Many of the mammals are Asiatic in origin. Several of the reptiles and birds are Australian in origin. These include the orange-footed scrubfowl, the lesser sulpher-crested cockatoo and the nosy friarbird.
The most famous of Komodo National Park's animals is the Komodo Dragon Varanus komodoensis. It is the world's largest living lizard and can reach 3 metres or more in length and weigh over 70kg.
Other animals include the Timor deer, the main prey of the Komodo dragon, wild horses kuda liar, water buffalo, wild boar babi liar, long-tailed macaques, palm civets, the endemic Rinca rat tikus besar Rinca, and fruit bats.
Also beware of the snakes inhabiting the island, including the cobra and Russelâs pit viper, both of which are extremely dangerous.
As far as the marine fauna is concerned, Komodo National Park includes one of the world's richest marine environments. It consists of over 260 species of reef building coral, 70 different species of sponges, crustaceans, cartilaginous incl. manta ray and sharks and over a 1,000 different species of bony fishes over 1,000 species, as well as marine reptiles incl. sea turtles, and marine mammals dolphins, whales, and dugongs.
History
Komodo National Park was established in 1980 and was declared a World Heritage Site and a Man and Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1986, both indications of the Park's biological importance.
The park was initially established to conserve the unique Komodo Dragon and its habitat, first discovered world in 1910. Since then conservation goals have expanded to protecting its entire biodiversity, both marine and terrestrial.
The majority of the people in and around the Park are fishermen originally from Bima on the island of Sumbawa, and from Manggarai, South Flores, and South Sulawesi. Those from South Sulawesi were originally nomadic and moved from location to location in the region of Sulawesi to make their livelihoods.
Descendents of the original people of Komodo, still live in Komodo, but there are no pure blood people left and their culture and language is slowly being integrated with the recent migrants.
Little is known of the early history of the Komodo islanders. They were subjects of the Sultanate of Bima, although the islandâs remoteness from Bima meant its affairs were probably little troubled by the Sultanate other than by occasional demand for tribute.